Effect of old age on dual task performance during driving simulations of varying complexities

This study examines the effects of road events and age on cognitive load in a simulated environment. Fifteen young and 15 older adults were exposed to 4 scenarios in a STISIM driving simulator including roadway events that were: 1) normal (free driving), 2) complex (turns) and 3) unexpected (car incursion). Cognitive load generated by the events was assessed through detection accuracy and reaction time on a dual task and ratings on the NASA-TLX. Results showed that older adults displayed longer reaction times to the dual task and reported higher NASA-TLX ratings then young adults while facing complex and unexpected road events. This study demonstrates the validity of the cognitive load approach for understanding older drivers’ reaction to roadway events.